The general election and traditional ceremony had been held at same time by people in Bali, April 9, 2009. As the light of the morning star faded and the sun crested over Gunung Agung, Bali’s tallest mountain, devotees began arriving at Pura Besakih, the largest and most sacred place of worship. It was the first month of the Balinese calendar, an occasion to be marked by Bhatara Tarun Kabeh (The God’s Visit on Earth) ceremony.
This event emerged apathy toward a democratic party which projected a very low voter turn out in Bali.
“I’m not going to vote. People don’t care about the election or who is in charge, as long as the country still running this system,” says Ketut, about to ascend the hundreds of steps to the main temple, Pura Penataran Agung. He also states the most important is religion; that’s Balinese culture.
While, Nyoman, who is guiding voter through the collection of colored ballots in Besakih KPPS officials says he hopes people will come in the morning and the go to the temple after.
Bali has a huge rural population and education for a lot of people is not privileged to, Nyoman points out.
For some people, the traditional ceremony is as important as general election, so they didn’t want to pass this event.
“It’s only once every 5 years, so why not come?” one of them says.
Back at Besakih, worshippers gather on every level of the complex’s 23 temples. By midday the sun beats down, they try to find a cool spot in the shade of one of the many temple spires. It shows how the condition contrasts between the polling station and lively joy ceremony.
It’s also important to note the main events of the ceremony were still give a chance to allow people time to vote, but by 11 o’clock celebration are in full swing. People take their turn to pray, give offerings to the gods and receive blessings in return.
“Yes, of course I voted!” says Made enthusiastically; he is one of devotees who also come to the Besakih. “Just this morning, on my way to the temple,” he explains, and also states that In Bali, people have one side for God and one side for the nation.
Although, only 300 of Besakih’s 1000 registered voters, it shows their democratic duty to this nation.
Meanwhile, up at the temple, the gods visited earth for who they voted for and to communicate off the record.
Reference: Harrington, Morgan. 2009. Sacred Tradition vs Civic Duty. The Jakarta Post: Jakarta.
Tampilkan postingan dengan label My English. Tampilkan semua postingan
Tampilkan postingan dengan label My English. Tampilkan semua postingan
Selasa, 16 Maret 2010
The Awareness of University Student to Their Environment Related to Global Warming Effect
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.Background
The earth’s temperature gets increasing. The weather can’t be predicted again. Sometimes, the weather in early morning is bright, but it will rain in the evening. The climate also gets warm increasing. That’s some global warming effect to this earth. I think nowadays, the global warming effect is not a discourse again. According to the Anthony McMichael, a study leader of “The Impact of Climate Change on Human Health” clarifies that the change of climate which is affected by human being walked faster than we predict.
We can see now the damage of Global Warming effect has extended. All people in this world absolutely can feel it directly or not. The real example which happens in this country is the rainy season becomes longer than before. The weather in the afternoon is hotter, makes our day so tired. This phenomenon should raise our awareness to care more our environment, at least our environment around us. But, we know that there are many people who still don’t care with their environment. They still think that it is just a discourse or just phenomenon. What make I have a big question in my mind is it happens to University student, people who should have idealism concerning this case. But, in fact, they ignore it and sometimes saying, “Why should I do that, while others not?” So, I think this theme is interesting to be discussed more.
This is an irony thing, when University student as people who should have more knowledge and experience about this phenomenon. It’s not funny if they still ignore it and pretend that they know nothing about it. Then there is a stereotype that University student is agent of change, where they are as first people who teach and share and also make a change to respond this phenomenon. It doesn’t need a big step, but at least people, especially University student, do small something to participate in this case. Also give others to do same thing as they can do. Just right now, they have to care their environment.
2.Objective
Actually, what we should to do as University student is keeping our environment as well as possible. So, through this essay, we will make it easier to understand for us. Don’t just keep quiet looking at the Global Warming effect phenomenon, but we have to do something as our act to respond this case. And also raise the awareness of these people to care their environment order to decrease the effect of Global Warming on this earth. We can do some simplest thing in our environment, home, school, office, and wherever we stay or go. What we do absolutely give influence and impact, so start now we can arrange some efforts to solve this problem. If we can do that, we automatically can decrease the effect of Global Warming. People on the earth give big contribution to this case, so it is our responsible to change the condition. The role of University student is needed to give more understanding concerning this case.
3.Method
The writing of this essay will be based on some article from newspaper or magazine which describe how the effect of Global Warming and how it influences in our daily life. Besides, the writer also will observe the condition the reality concerning the respond of University student to their environment, how their attitude to react this case. Then hold an interview, whether they do something or not. If they do, what their effort to give contribution is. In contrary, if they do nothing, hope that through this essay they will more aware with this matter. How they will make an effort to this case toward their environment, also how important to still keep the environment as well as possible to decrease the Global warming effect.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERARY REVIEW
1.Global Warming
According to the Anthony McMichael, a study leader of “The Impact of Climate Change on Human Health” clarifies that the change of climate which is affected by human being walked faster than we predict.
This statement is absolutely right if we see the condition of the climate change is can not be predict again and it is affected by human being. Indonesia has two seasons; they are dry season and rainy season. The period of time in each season is about six months. Dry season usually happens in April-September, while rainy season is in October-Maret. But, the fact is rainy season in this year happens until May, it is a proven that the climate pattern had changed.
2. Greenhouse effect
One of global warming cause is greenhouse effect. Talks in the 13th CoP (Conference of Parties) like the 12 others before it, will revolve on how to reduce the effect of greenhouse reduce the effect of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide (CO2). The gases have been accumulated in our atmosphere and have trapped earth’s heat radiation. As the pollutants have created global warming, everyone must recalculate the necessary ‘carbon budget’. If it is not done correctly, there will be an unchecked explosion of carbon in earth atmosphere, creating yet another climate change disaster.
Greenhouse effect give a big contributing in Global Warming, so that many people is suggested to reduce this effect, which causing the hole in ozone layer. This statement is also supported by the experiment of a physicist.
Many decades later, a physicist named Horace Benedict de Saussure experimented with sunlight in 1760 and created an instrument called a “heliothermometer” which demonstrated that the air could indeed store the heat of solar radiation. It is this very phenomenon which has become known as ‘the greenhouse effect’.
According to an IPPC study, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the thousand years prior to the Industrial Revolution was relatively constant. But, since the Industrial Revolution, the concentration of these gases has increased markedly. For instance, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) has risen by 30% since pre-industrial times and it continues to increase by 0,4% per year. The primary culprits are obviously the consumption of fossil fuel and deforestation activities. Of this statement, we can see that this case should be given more attention. The concentration of greenhouse effect year by year had increased continuously. It is absolutely make the condition becomes more serious. We can also imagine how terrible the condition of the earth in some following years if we do nothing.
Then, Dr. Ami Susandi, researcher at the Meteorological Studies Program at the Bandung Institute of Technology, notes that the Earth’s atmosphere has actually not changed that drastically. According to the Dr. Susandi, the atmosphere consists of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and other gases (1%) and that “This one percent is the gaseous part that changes the most, thus causing climate change.”
The phenomenon of Global Warming itself, according to the Max Planck Institute for Metereology in Hamburg, Germany, became a known phenomenon back in the 1970s. As one scientist from the Institute has said, “The idea was pretty obscure at the time, and people have only been aware about its impacts and tried to do something about them after 1997.”
3. Contributing of human being
A report released by the IPPC’s Working Group I on February 2 this year in Paris, stated that human activities are primary cause of climate change. Mr. Sulistyowati, Deputy Assistant on Climate Change for the Indonesian Ministry of Environmental Affairs, notes that this is higher than the previous 2001 IPPC report that it was only 66% or just likely.” So, through this statement we also know the other reason why the climate had changed dramatically. Many activities which have done by human also give contributing in this case.
4. The Awareness of people to this Case
Concerning the Global Warming effect in our daily life, we should aware about our environment as well as possible. Budiono Kartohadiprodjo, the geological expert, said, “Thus it is imperative, for the sake of common good, that the parties involved strat embracing a more considerate perspective and approaches in addressing the issue, instead of promoting their own self-interest at the cost of other. It is time for all parties, without exception, to develop a sense of belonging to their larger community as Earth citizens, so that any concerns raised (or even suffering endured0 by fellow ‘Earthian’ can be understood logically as well as felt in empathy, thus enabling one to deal with the problem in compassion and sympathy. Such is the condition needed for one to promote the value of Earth family, so that the members may unite in diversity and be diverse in unity, as fellow members of Earth family.”
As a good citizen we should keep our environment as well as possible. What we have done today will give effect in future. So, at least we also do simple something to decrease the global warming. Besides, the awareness of people to their environment is needed to decrease Global Warming effect. Although it is just simplest action, at least it is can give contribution to our environment. Ansley J. Coale, an economist said in the book titled Pollution, Resources, and the Environment that some aspects of the deterioration of our environment appear to be critical and call for prompt action. We need to start now to frame and apply actions that would arrest the careless destruction of the world in which we live.
The Jungle Explorer-Foresty Expert, Transtoto Handadhari also state that developed countries would do well if they understand their position as main contributors to the damage in world climate and thus increase their aid to development and reforestation efforts. Through this statement, we know that plants certainly help to decrease the global warming. People should aware that they have to do something to solve this case. Probably, by growing some plant and always keep their environment better.
CHAPTER THREE
DISCUSSION
1.Introduction
The effect of Global Warming nowadays had extended and influenced all people in the world. They actually give contribution why it happens. In fact, human being in the world had involved inside this case. But, this paper will just discuss about University student responses their environment. So, there are about 50 student of different university in some areas as sample which had been interviewed by giving appropriate question related to Global Warming effect. The interview itself was done for some days in some places where the interviewee can be met by interviewer. The response automatically is variety between one people with each other. The interviewee is a student of certain university in different class year, but it doesn’t matter because the point is their effort or at least give response toward this case.
2.Reason of Objective Research
This is some reason why the writer has researched this case:
The global warming had extended in many areas.
People, moreover student of University, seem not to care their environment.
In fact, what people do will give contribution to global warming, better or worse.
To know further the effort of people to reduce the effect of global warming.
10 of 50 people university student do not care about this case, it so worried if people have same thinking with them. What will happen in this world? Well, it is probably just one five of sample total, but it remains giving influence to the developing global warming effect. Another point of this reason is to give more explanation and information about global warming effect for all people as many as possible.
3.Global Warming and Green House Effect
When we talk about global warming, it will have close relationship with greenhouse effect. Why does it occur? Well, greenhouse effect is a phenomenon which is in long time period causing global warming. Our modern day understanding about the nature of the sun’s heat on the earth was started by a scientist named Edme Mariotte, who described the nature of sunlight in 1681. he showed how the sun’s heat was able to penetrate glass and other transparent materials. Many decades later, a physicist named Horace Benedict de Saussure experimented with sunlight in 1760 and created an instrument called a “heliothermometer” which demonstrated that the air could indeed store the heat of solar radiation. It is this very phenomenon which has become known as ‘the greenhouse effect’.
So, some solar energy of the sun penetrates atmosphere, then earth absorbs it. After that, earth will reflect it back to the space, but unfortunately, due to the existence of greenhouse gas in the earth, some heat traps inside. Besides, there is some solar energy which directly reflected back to space. In the greenhouse effect, part of the sun’s energy that penetrates the gas blanket is absorbed as is some of the energy that is reflected upwards by the earth’s surface. In effect, the gas blanket limits the reflection of solar energy from the surface to space. The result is this energy warms the earth and sustains the conditions required for life. Research by the IPPC reveals that the average temperature of the earth has been relatively stable over the last 10000 years. While this stable conditions have allowed for humans to survive in life.
Joseph Fourier, a Frech physicist who first found ‘the greenhouse effect’ in 1824 explained that the warm temperature in a greenhouse occurred because part of the solar heat became trapped inside its structure due to being blocked from escaping by its glass roof and walls. For many years Fourier’s finding unnoticed, that is, Swedish physicist Svante Arhenius confirmed it in 1894 by proving that was really true that carbon dioxide (CO2) had a significant role in maintaining the earth’s atmospheric temperature. He warned the industrialization world not to recklessly burn fuel, oil, and coal as it would release massive of CO2 into the air and that if this CO2 emissions went unchecked, the earth’s temperature would increase and the climate would be more terrible. Unfortunately, these two findings were ignored. It has only been in the past 20 years that these cautions have become issues of global concern. Today the terms ‘greenhouse effect’ and ‘global warming’, ‘greenhouse gases’ and ‘climate change’ are topics of dalily conversation around the world.
Actually, there are 30 kinds of greenhouse gases, CO2 is the most important of these gases in terms of the greenhouse phenomenon. This gas concentration has increased from 280 ppm in the mid 1800s to 383 ppm in July 2007. Then, the scientist estimates that in 2050 this concentration will reach 560 ppm, not only CO2 but also other gases, such as dinitro oxide (N20), methane (CH4), Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), perflurocarbon (PFCs), etc. consequently, the earth’s temperature will continue to rise with an average increase of around 2-3 degrees Celsius by 2050. This is surely dramatic changes in the world climate. Well, people can stop it, but actually what we have to do is to reduce the effect of global warming by doing simple and small way.
4.The Effect of Global Warming
Global climate changes naturally. However, since human activities have changed the natural balance in earth’s ecosystems, global climate has become unpredictable. The sun, atmosphere, and greenhouse effect become dominant factors. Scientist frequently find difficult to answer this question, how they can predict climate 50 years from now when they cannot predict the weather few weeks from now. Well, we can see the fact now. How, the climate becomes difficult to be predicted again. Nowadays, predicting the weather and climate is like finding out what fate has someone to be. Beside of greenhouse effect cause, climate change is also caused by human activities which trapped sun long wave radiation and reflected it back to earth surface.
The result of this are earth temperature gets higher, melting ice caps in the two Poles, thus increasing sea level and changing world climate patterns is rising, melting icebergs in the polar region, in turn raising sea level and changing the world’s climate pattern, and also make a damaging of the ozone layer at the top of the atmosphere. Following this effect of global warming, the entire sector will also get the impact, economic, transportation, agriculture, health, etc. Just imagine how it can be horrible if this condition becomes more seriously in future, without the participation of people to reduce the global warming effect.
5.The Response of University Student about Global Warming Effect
Actually, it is just not about university student, but all people in the world. Yet, the role of university student in this case is really needed. They are estimated as agent of change, the first people who should care than the others. They are as student in highest level which should have more knowledge than the others. So, it is important to know how they response this case as well as possible. That’s the ideal thing, but in fact, there are many students who do not care about their environment. Some of them say, ‘why do I should care, while the others not?’. They do not aware that this action in order to reduce the global warming effect is started from them themselves. All explanation about global warming has been described in previous part. Now, this is result how university student give their response to their environment.
In observation
Facing the danger of global warming effect, the university student as educated people should aware with this situation. They should do something to support the program from government or certain organization to reduce global warming effect through small step and way around their environment. But, in fact, according to observation so far, it doesn’t run well. They know that, but they don’t act as they should do. They still do something recklessly as if it doesn’t matter, such as throw trash in everywhere, turn on the lamp from morning to evening whether it is used or not, using the electronic tool (which contains CFC) profusely, using car or motorcycle if they go everywhere (even the place is near), using a lot of plastic and tissue in their daily life, etc. Probably they think that it will not give big influence in their environment, but actually it is big wrong. How many people will do same act in same time? It absolutely gives big contribution to their environment, and then it will give influence to increase global warming little by little.
In Interviewing
There are 50 students from different background which have been interviewed. More of 40 peoples realize that they know about global warming effect, the meaning of global warming, how it can happen, and how it will give impact in our lives. Like some of them said, “Global warming is when the earth gets hotter, iceberg in two poles have melted, some of small island will sank in future, the ozone layer becomes thin because of acid rain, etc.” Or as student who take biology department, “Global warming causes the change of climate dramatically, the temperature of earth becomes hotter and there are some diseases have extended.”
Then, more half of the students said that they care with it, with global warming effect which happens and impact their live. Only some of them said that they don’t care with their environment, just let it flow. They speculate that global warning still happens whether they keep their environment or not, it has become law of nature. It must be happen while the others give no response. They also have done some ways to reduce the global warming effect, although it is only simple thing, but they believe it can give big influence. There are some ways which have been done by them:
They will minimize the damage by reducing the use of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) which is used in refrigerator, air conditioner, etc.
They will reduce to use machine vehicle as less as possible, reach a short distance by foot to reduce the air pollution.
Plant some trees in their environment so that it can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
Try to minimize the use of electricity, especially in use of electricity tool.
Try to minimize the use of plastic and tissue, because they know that plastic materials are hard to recycle. It will damage the environment.
Trying not to burn litters in front of yards because the smoke releases dangerous carbon dioxide.
Actually, it shows that they still care with their environment although they just do that in certain condition because they sometimes forget that what they have done will influence their life.
CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
1.Conclusion
In conclusion, as people who live in this world, we actually should to be aware with the condition of our environment. University student especially should show their community that they will care with this issue with do something to keep their environment better. In fact, some of them still don’t care with their environment, but it is so surprises knowing more of them still care with it through some ways in order to reduce the global warming effect.
2.Recommendation
The following items are several tips for our efforts to save the earth together. It is necessary for our health. We could start these efforts with many simple ways at home, around of our environment.
Use the energy-saving lights. A number of companies have produced and sold them. May the price more expensive, but in the long term we can save more money to about a quarter of our regular electricity bills.
Do not open the refrigerator door too long. The longer we open it, the more electricity we waste. Because the refrigerator’s cooling system works automatically to maintain the cold temperature inside.
Turn off our AC, television, radio, computer, and other electronic stuff when we do not need them.
Wash our clothes with hands as far as we can. It saves more energy than the use of washing machine.
Ethanol can be used as an alternative of oil and gas fuel at home.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
McMichael ,Anthony. Environment and human resources.
www.google.com
Climate Change, Gatra Magazine.
INTRODUCTION
1.Background
The earth’s temperature gets increasing. The weather can’t be predicted again. Sometimes, the weather in early morning is bright, but it will rain in the evening. The climate also gets warm increasing. That’s some global warming effect to this earth. I think nowadays, the global warming effect is not a discourse again. According to the Anthony McMichael, a study leader of “The Impact of Climate Change on Human Health” clarifies that the change of climate which is affected by human being walked faster than we predict.
We can see now the damage of Global Warming effect has extended. All people in this world absolutely can feel it directly or not. The real example which happens in this country is the rainy season becomes longer than before. The weather in the afternoon is hotter, makes our day so tired. This phenomenon should raise our awareness to care more our environment, at least our environment around us. But, we know that there are many people who still don’t care with their environment. They still think that it is just a discourse or just phenomenon. What make I have a big question in my mind is it happens to University student, people who should have idealism concerning this case. But, in fact, they ignore it and sometimes saying, “Why should I do that, while others not?” So, I think this theme is interesting to be discussed more.
This is an irony thing, when University student as people who should have more knowledge and experience about this phenomenon. It’s not funny if they still ignore it and pretend that they know nothing about it. Then there is a stereotype that University student is agent of change, where they are as first people who teach and share and also make a change to respond this phenomenon. It doesn’t need a big step, but at least people, especially University student, do small something to participate in this case. Also give others to do same thing as they can do. Just right now, they have to care their environment.
2.Objective
Actually, what we should to do as University student is keeping our environment as well as possible. So, through this essay, we will make it easier to understand for us. Don’t just keep quiet looking at the Global Warming effect phenomenon, but we have to do something as our act to respond this case. And also raise the awareness of these people to care their environment order to decrease the effect of Global Warming on this earth. We can do some simplest thing in our environment, home, school, office, and wherever we stay or go. What we do absolutely give influence and impact, so start now we can arrange some efforts to solve this problem. If we can do that, we automatically can decrease the effect of Global Warming. People on the earth give big contribution to this case, so it is our responsible to change the condition. The role of University student is needed to give more understanding concerning this case.
3.Method
The writing of this essay will be based on some article from newspaper or magazine which describe how the effect of Global Warming and how it influences in our daily life. Besides, the writer also will observe the condition the reality concerning the respond of University student to their environment, how their attitude to react this case. Then hold an interview, whether they do something or not. If they do, what their effort to give contribution is. In contrary, if they do nothing, hope that through this essay they will more aware with this matter. How they will make an effort to this case toward their environment, also how important to still keep the environment as well as possible to decrease the Global warming effect.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERARY REVIEW
1.Global Warming
According to the Anthony McMichael, a study leader of “The Impact of Climate Change on Human Health” clarifies that the change of climate which is affected by human being walked faster than we predict.
This statement is absolutely right if we see the condition of the climate change is can not be predict again and it is affected by human being. Indonesia has two seasons; they are dry season and rainy season. The period of time in each season is about six months. Dry season usually happens in April-September, while rainy season is in October-Maret. But, the fact is rainy season in this year happens until May, it is a proven that the climate pattern had changed.
2. Greenhouse effect
One of global warming cause is greenhouse effect. Talks in the 13th CoP (Conference of Parties) like the 12 others before it, will revolve on how to reduce the effect of greenhouse reduce the effect of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide (CO2). The gases have been accumulated in our atmosphere and have trapped earth’s heat radiation. As the pollutants have created global warming, everyone must recalculate the necessary ‘carbon budget’. If it is not done correctly, there will be an unchecked explosion of carbon in earth atmosphere, creating yet another climate change disaster.
Greenhouse effect give a big contributing in Global Warming, so that many people is suggested to reduce this effect, which causing the hole in ozone layer. This statement is also supported by the experiment of a physicist.
Many decades later, a physicist named Horace Benedict de Saussure experimented with sunlight in 1760 and created an instrument called a “heliothermometer” which demonstrated that the air could indeed store the heat of solar radiation. It is this very phenomenon which has become known as ‘the greenhouse effect’.
According to an IPPC study, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the thousand years prior to the Industrial Revolution was relatively constant. But, since the Industrial Revolution, the concentration of these gases has increased markedly. For instance, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) has risen by 30% since pre-industrial times and it continues to increase by 0,4% per year. The primary culprits are obviously the consumption of fossil fuel and deforestation activities. Of this statement, we can see that this case should be given more attention. The concentration of greenhouse effect year by year had increased continuously. It is absolutely make the condition becomes more serious. We can also imagine how terrible the condition of the earth in some following years if we do nothing.
Then, Dr. Ami Susandi, researcher at the Meteorological Studies Program at the Bandung Institute of Technology, notes that the Earth’s atmosphere has actually not changed that drastically. According to the Dr. Susandi, the atmosphere consists of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and other gases (1%) and that “This one percent is the gaseous part that changes the most, thus causing climate change.”
The phenomenon of Global Warming itself, according to the Max Planck Institute for Metereology in Hamburg, Germany, became a known phenomenon back in the 1970s. As one scientist from the Institute has said, “The idea was pretty obscure at the time, and people have only been aware about its impacts and tried to do something about them after 1997.”
3. Contributing of human being
A report released by the IPPC’s Working Group I on February 2 this year in Paris, stated that human activities are primary cause of climate change. Mr. Sulistyowati, Deputy Assistant on Climate Change for the Indonesian Ministry of Environmental Affairs, notes that this is higher than the previous 2001 IPPC report that it was only 66% or just likely.” So, through this statement we also know the other reason why the climate had changed dramatically. Many activities which have done by human also give contributing in this case.
4. The Awareness of people to this Case
Concerning the Global Warming effect in our daily life, we should aware about our environment as well as possible. Budiono Kartohadiprodjo, the geological expert, said, “Thus it is imperative, for the sake of common good, that the parties involved strat embracing a more considerate perspective and approaches in addressing the issue, instead of promoting their own self-interest at the cost of other. It is time for all parties, without exception, to develop a sense of belonging to their larger community as Earth citizens, so that any concerns raised (or even suffering endured0 by fellow ‘Earthian’ can be understood logically as well as felt in empathy, thus enabling one to deal with the problem in compassion and sympathy. Such is the condition needed for one to promote the value of Earth family, so that the members may unite in diversity and be diverse in unity, as fellow members of Earth family.”
As a good citizen we should keep our environment as well as possible. What we have done today will give effect in future. So, at least we also do simple something to decrease the global warming. Besides, the awareness of people to their environment is needed to decrease Global Warming effect. Although it is just simplest action, at least it is can give contribution to our environment. Ansley J. Coale, an economist said in the book titled Pollution, Resources, and the Environment that some aspects of the deterioration of our environment appear to be critical and call for prompt action. We need to start now to frame and apply actions that would arrest the careless destruction of the world in which we live.
The Jungle Explorer-Foresty Expert, Transtoto Handadhari also state that developed countries would do well if they understand their position as main contributors to the damage in world climate and thus increase their aid to development and reforestation efforts. Through this statement, we know that plants certainly help to decrease the global warming. People should aware that they have to do something to solve this case. Probably, by growing some plant and always keep their environment better.
CHAPTER THREE
DISCUSSION
1.Introduction
The effect of Global Warming nowadays had extended and influenced all people in the world. They actually give contribution why it happens. In fact, human being in the world had involved inside this case. But, this paper will just discuss about University student responses their environment. So, there are about 50 student of different university in some areas as sample which had been interviewed by giving appropriate question related to Global Warming effect. The interview itself was done for some days in some places where the interviewee can be met by interviewer. The response automatically is variety between one people with each other. The interviewee is a student of certain university in different class year, but it doesn’t matter because the point is their effort or at least give response toward this case.
2.Reason of Objective Research
This is some reason why the writer has researched this case:
The global warming had extended in many areas.
People, moreover student of University, seem not to care their environment.
In fact, what people do will give contribution to global warming, better or worse.
To know further the effort of people to reduce the effect of global warming.
10 of 50 people university student do not care about this case, it so worried if people have same thinking with them. What will happen in this world? Well, it is probably just one five of sample total, but it remains giving influence to the developing global warming effect. Another point of this reason is to give more explanation and information about global warming effect for all people as many as possible.
3.Global Warming and Green House Effect
When we talk about global warming, it will have close relationship with greenhouse effect. Why does it occur? Well, greenhouse effect is a phenomenon which is in long time period causing global warming. Our modern day understanding about the nature of the sun’s heat on the earth was started by a scientist named Edme Mariotte, who described the nature of sunlight in 1681. he showed how the sun’s heat was able to penetrate glass and other transparent materials. Many decades later, a physicist named Horace Benedict de Saussure experimented with sunlight in 1760 and created an instrument called a “heliothermometer” which demonstrated that the air could indeed store the heat of solar radiation. It is this very phenomenon which has become known as ‘the greenhouse effect’.
So, some solar energy of the sun penetrates atmosphere, then earth absorbs it. After that, earth will reflect it back to the space, but unfortunately, due to the existence of greenhouse gas in the earth, some heat traps inside. Besides, there is some solar energy which directly reflected back to space. In the greenhouse effect, part of the sun’s energy that penetrates the gas blanket is absorbed as is some of the energy that is reflected upwards by the earth’s surface. In effect, the gas blanket limits the reflection of solar energy from the surface to space. The result is this energy warms the earth and sustains the conditions required for life. Research by the IPPC reveals that the average temperature of the earth has been relatively stable over the last 10000 years. While this stable conditions have allowed for humans to survive in life.
Joseph Fourier, a Frech physicist who first found ‘the greenhouse effect’ in 1824 explained that the warm temperature in a greenhouse occurred because part of the solar heat became trapped inside its structure due to being blocked from escaping by its glass roof and walls. For many years Fourier’s finding unnoticed, that is, Swedish physicist Svante Arhenius confirmed it in 1894 by proving that was really true that carbon dioxide (CO2) had a significant role in maintaining the earth’s atmospheric temperature. He warned the industrialization world not to recklessly burn fuel, oil, and coal as it would release massive of CO2 into the air and that if this CO2 emissions went unchecked, the earth’s temperature would increase and the climate would be more terrible. Unfortunately, these two findings were ignored. It has only been in the past 20 years that these cautions have become issues of global concern. Today the terms ‘greenhouse effect’ and ‘global warming’, ‘greenhouse gases’ and ‘climate change’ are topics of dalily conversation around the world.
Actually, there are 30 kinds of greenhouse gases, CO2 is the most important of these gases in terms of the greenhouse phenomenon. This gas concentration has increased from 280 ppm in the mid 1800s to 383 ppm in July 2007. Then, the scientist estimates that in 2050 this concentration will reach 560 ppm, not only CO2 but also other gases, such as dinitro oxide (N20), methane (CH4), Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), perflurocarbon (PFCs), etc. consequently, the earth’s temperature will continue to rise with an average increase of around 2-3 degrees Celsius by 2050. This is surely dramatic changes in the world climate. Well, people can stop it, but actually what we have to do is to reduce the effect of global warming by doing simple and small way.
4.The Effect of Global Warming
Global climate changes naturally. However, since human activities have changed the natural balance in earth’s ecosystems, global climate has become unpredictable. The sun, atmosphere, and greenhouse effect become dominant factors. Scientist frequently find difficult to answer this question, how they can predict climate 50 years from now when they cannot predict the weather few weeks from now. Well, we can see the fact now. How, the climate becomes difficult to be predicted again. Nowadays, predicting the weather and climate is like finding out what fate has someone to be. Beside of greenhouse effect cause, climate change is also caused by human activities which trapped sun long wave radiation and reflected it back to earth surface.
The result of this are earth temperature gets higher, melting ice caps in the two Poles, thus increasing sea level and changing world climate patterns is rising, melting icebergs in the polar region, in turn raising sea level and changing the world’s climate pattern, and also make a damaging of the ozone layer at the top of the atmosphere. Following this effect of global warming, the entire sector will also get the impact, economic, transportation, agriculture, health, etc. Just imagine how it can be horrible if this condition becomes more seriously in future, without the participation of people to reduce the global warming effect.
5.The Response of University Student about Global Warming Effect
Actually, it is just not about university student, but all people in the world. Yet, the role of university student in this case is really needed. They are estimated as agent of change, the first people who should care than the others. They are as student in highest level which should have more knowledge than the others. So, it is important to know how they response this case as well as possible. That’s the ideal thing, but in fact, there are many students who do not care about their environment. Some of them say, ‘why do I should care, while the others not?’. They do not aware that this action in order to reduce the global warming effect is started from them themselves. All explanation about global warming has been described in previous part. Now, this is result how university student give their response to their environment.
In observation
Facing the danger of global warming effect, the university student as educated people should aware with this situation. They should do something to support the program from government or certain organization to reduce global warming effect through small step and way around their environment. But, in fact, according to observation so far, it doesn’t run well. They know that, but they don’t act as they should do. They still do something recklessly as if it doesn’t matter, such as throw trash in everywhere, turn on the lamp from morning to evening whether it is used or not, using the electronic tool (which contains CFC) profusely, using car or motorcycle if they go everywhere (even the place is near), using a lot of plastic and tissue in their daily life, etc. Probably they think that it will not give big influence in their environment, but actually it is big wrong. How many people will do same act in same time? It absolutely gives big contribution to their environment, and then it will give influence to increase global warming little by little.
In Interviewing
There are 50 students from different background which have been interviewed. More of 40 peoples realize that they know about global warming effect, the meaning of global warming, how it can happen, and how it will give impact in our lives. Like some of them said, “Global warming is when the earth gets hotter, iceberg in two poles have melted, some of small island will sank in future, the ozone layer becomes thin because of acid rain, etc.” Or as student who take biology department, “Global warming causes the change of climate dramatically, the temperature of earth becomes hotter and there are some diseases have extended.”
Then, more half of the students said that they care with it, with global warming effect which happens and impact their live. Only some of them said that they don’t care with their environment, just let it flow. They speculate that global warning still happens whether they keep their environment or not, it has become law of nature. It must be happen while the others give no response. They also have done some ways to reduce the global warming effect, although it is only simple thing, but they believe it can give big influence. There are some ways which have been done by them:
They will minimize the damage by reducing the use of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) which is used in refrigerator, air conditioner, etc.
They will reduce to use machine vehicle as less as possible, reach a short distance by foot to reduce the air pollution.
Plant some trees in their environment so that it can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
Try to minimize the use of electricity, especially in use of electricity tool.
Try to minimize the use of plastic and tissue, because they know that plastic materials are hard to recycle. It will damage the environment.
Trying not to burn litters in front of yards because the smoke releases dangerous carbon dioxide.
Actually, it shows that they still care with their environment although they just do that in certain condition because they sometimes forget that what they have done will influence their life.
CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
1.Conclusion
In conclusion, as people who live in this world, we actually should to be aware with the condition of our environment. University student especially should show their community that they will care with this issue with do something to keep their environment better. In fact, some of them still don’t care with their environment, but it is so surprises knowing more of them still care with it through some ways in order to reduce the global warming effect.
2.Recommendation
The following items are several tips for our efforts to save the earth together. It is necessary for our health. We could start these efforts with many simple ways at home, around of our environment.
Use the energy-saving lights. A number of companies have produced and sold them. May the price more expensive, but in the long term we can save more money to about a quarter of our regular electricity bills.
Do not open the refrigerator door too long. The longer we open it, the more electricity we waste. Because the refrigerator’s cooling system works automatically to maintain the cold temperature inside.
Turn off our AC, television, radio, computer, and other electronic stuff when we do not need them.
Wash our clothes with hands as far as we can. It saves more energy than the use of washing machine.
Ethanol can be used as an alternative of oil and gas fuel at home.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
McMichael ,Anthony. Environment and human resources.
www.google.com
Climate Change, Gatra Magazine.
How Important The English Is!
English is language which is used by people in the world to communicate something. We called it as an International Language. That’s why many people in all of countries learn how to speak English well because when we can speak English fluently, we able to communicate what we want to another people in everywhere countries. Below are some particular reasons that can be considered why we have to mastering English:
Someone who mastering language, will mastering high technology too.
In this case, English is more important language because it’s used all people in the world than the other language. Especially, English has closest relation with high technology. Why? Cause in modern time now, only great country which has capable to create sophisticated term (most in Europe’s countries and USA), such as hand phone, solar cell car, robot which can help human’s activity, etc.
If we want to learn more about technology, we must learn it from them. It means we should be able to speak English as their countries language. So that we know everything well about the material that we need. Or probably we can find it from some reference books told about technology and sometimes they were written in English language. How can we understanding the meaning if we haven’t skill in this case? Moreover high technology, especially everything in internet, use English as an International media to communicate or to give someone all information they needed.
So, learn English just right soon, it will help us to understand everything in the world. Mastering English, as International language, means mastering high technology too. Just prove it by yourself.
Get more information from all countries in the world.
Besides, you know about technology, you will also know about the information from other countries. How can we know everything which happens in the world if we can’t understand the meaning of their language? It will be all right if we watch TV which gives us International news that had to be translated into our language. But how if it isn’t show the translating to us? We must be confused. Especially in internet we often find all of news is written in English because it will read every people in the world.
Moreover it can make us feel satisfied if we can read by ourselves. The main thing is there are no boundaries for us to get more information from each other countries in the world. Our mind will be full of knowledge and experiences because we can communicate with all foreigners.
Someone who mastering English must be felt more confident.
It’s right thing because not much people can speak English fluently. Probably English is difficult to be learned by people who are not usual use English in their environment. So that it makes the English speaker feel more confident with their capability. Especially now, when we are looking for job, sometimes we find out one of the requirement is fluently in English (oral and written).
If we mastering English, we’ll be more confident. It absolutely true. Not all of us can speak English, it’s fact. So, when some people speak English fluently, it will give effect to them. People will pay attention with him/her. Someone with his skills in English has special point in around his social environment.
Someone who mastering language, will mastering high technology too.
In this case, English is more important language because it’s used all people in the world than the other language. Especially, English has closest relation with high technology. Why? Cause in modern time now, only great country which has capable to create sophisticated term (most in Europe’s countries and USA), such as hand phone, solar cell car, robot which can help human’s activity, etc.
If we want to learn more about technology, we must learn it from them. It means we should be able to speak English as their countries language. So that we know everything well about the material that we need. Or probably we can find it from some reference books told about technology and sometimes they were written in English language. How can we understanding the meaning if we haven’t skill in this case? Moreover high technology, especially everything in internet, use English as an International media to communicate or to give someone all information they needed.
So, learn English just right soon, it will help us to understand everything in the world. Mastering English, as International language, means mastering high technology too. Just prove it by yourself.
Get more information from all countries in the world.
Besides, you know about technology, you will also know about the information from other countries. How can we know everything which happens in the world if we can’t understand the meaning of their language? It will be all right if we watch TV which gives us International news that had to be translated into our language. But how if it isn’t show the translating to us? We must be confused. Especially in internet we often find all of news is written in English because it will read every people in the world.
Moreover it can make us feel satisfied if we can read by ourselves. The main thing is there are no boundaries for us to get more information from each other countries in the world. Our mind will be full of knowledge and experiences because we can communicate with all foreigners.
Someone who mastering English must be felt more confident.
It’s right thing because not much people can speak English fluently. Probably English is difficult to be learned by people who are not usual use English in their environment. So that it makes the English speaker feel more confident with their capability. Especially now, when we are looking for job, sometimes we find out one of the requirement is fluently in English (oral and written).
If we mastering English, we’ll be more confident. It absolutely true. Not all of us can speak English, it’s fact. So, when some people speak English fluently, it will give effect to them. People will pay attention with him/her. Someone with his skills in English has special point in around his social environment.
Mistake in DPT, Losing the Vote Right
Essay Outlining.
Mistake in DPT, Losing the Vote Right
The general election which had been held in April 9, 2009 still leaves some dissatisfaction for public. Democracy party should give the public a freedom to vote their favorite legislative candidate, but they have to lose their right instead. If there are many people lose their vote, it will give effect the result of this general election. It also influences for voting account of legislative candidates which should be chosen.
The reason why the problem could be happened, especially in a mistake DPT, so that some people lose their right to vote.
Responding of some people according to this case.
KPU and public should do cooperation to achieve the better general election.
In conclusion, there are many problems happened in general election which had been held at April 9, 2009, just some days ago. The problem itself is related with the mistake of DPT, so make some of people lose their right in that democracy parties. Basically, KPU should take responsible whether this general election run successfully or not, but we are as citizens also give contribution in this realization. Besides, all of party in this country, whoever are they, give support to next general election to vote the next leader in Indonesia.
Mistake in DPT, Losing the Vote Right
The general election which had been held in April 9, 2009 still leaves some dissatisfaction for public. Start from invalid voter data, the time of election which is limited (just until 12 A.M), damaged vote paper, etc. The problems absolutely make public feel disappointed, even they lose their chance to vote. Democracy party should give the public a freedom to vote their favorite legislative candidate, but they have to lose their right instead. Actually, that is not fair for them, especially for the mistake of voter data case, where public can not give their vote in general election eventually. If there are many people lose their vote, it will give effect the result of this general election. It also influences for voting account of legislative candidates which should be chosen. This paper will review why it can be happen, and then discuss who will responsible for this case, also responding from they who involve inside.
The discourse for realization of general election is never end to be talked. There are many technical problems which can’t be solved by KPU. Ironically, public have to get the effect of it. As Indonesia citizen we have right to choose and to be chosen, but the fact is different. Some of them have to lose their rights in general election causing of simple case, mistake of constant voter data (DPT). On the outside of the statistic data validity question of Indonesia citizen now, the encoding for processing of voter in this general election get a problem. It is caused by many related factors, such as the working of KPU member to write the voter data and the variety of cases finding in constant voter data (DPT). Perppu (regulation in law) number 1, 2009 which becomes a law base of voter data repairing shows the confession of government about this chaos. Many of people confess that they haven’t been registered in DPT yet, moreover for them who follow the general election for first time. This case doesn’t just happen in one area, but some. Then, when they want to register themselves, the KPUD party doesn’t serve them well, said that they have come late to concern this case. So, some of them lose their vote indirectly. Besides, there are some people doesn’t care with this case because they are very busy to handle it. If they are not registered, so they will not give their vote, just simple.
Responding for this case is variety. There’s one said that he never been registered in DPT, then according to some people who lived in Solo said that there are no official come to their house, for encoding data processing, and state that , “don’t blame if we doesn’t choose.” Another problem happens to the student of University in Solo who wants to move her voter data, from Jakarta to solo, but the official in Jakarta refused it because it was late. That student feel so disappointed with this case, it makes her losing her rights to vote.
According that problem, who will give responsible? KPU or public? So, we have to look at not just one side. KPU should give the better serve for public to hold better general election this year. They have to be careful with encoding for processing the voter, and recheck whether the voter data is complete or not. Then take a step soon if there is any problem with it, and minimize the problem which can be happen. Also the KPU member can serve the public if they get difficult for this term. In the other hand, we are as citizen also has to care with this problem. As can as possible, we concern if there’s any mistake for encoding processing the voter data, do not just wait until the official come to our house. We have a right to vote, don’t let them just to stop us. This misunderstanding often can be avoided, the KPU party itself doesn’t want to be blame, and does the public. So, what we can do is give cooperation with KPU party to achieve the better general election.
In conclusion, there are many problems happened in general election which had been held at April 9, 2009, just some days ago. The problem itself is related with the mistake of DPT, so make some of people lose their right in that democracy parties. Basically, KPU should take responsible whether this general election run successfully or not, but we are as citizens also give contribution in this realization. Besides, all of party in this country, whoever are they, give support to next general election to vote the next leader in Indonesia.
Langganan:
Postingan (Atom)