SETTING
Setting is one of the element that reveals us where and when of the event of the plot occur. It refers to the time and space of the story.
Generally, setting is divided into two parts:
a.Setting of place, it is where the events in a story occur. In this novel, titled A Farewell to Arms, the setting of place is in Italy and Switzerland.
- In Italy, especially in the small Italian village, Gorizia town, Abruzzi, Rome, Naples, Sicily, Palermo, Capri, Milan, and Bainsizza, a succession of small mountains in which intense fighting has taken place. It can be seen in the paragraph below, in the beginning of the story:
In the late of summer of that year we lived in a house in a village that looked accross the river there were pebbles and boulders, dry and white in the sun, and the water was clear and swiftly moving and blue in the channels. Troops went by the house and down the road and the dust they raised powdered the leaves of the trees. The trunks of the trees too were dusty and the leaves feel fell early that year and we saw the troops masrching along the road and the dust rising and leaves, stirred by the breeze, falling and the soldiers marching and afterward the road bare and white except for the leaves. (par. 1, page 1, chapter 1, book1)
the next year there were many victories. The mountain that was beyond the valley and the hillside where the chestnut forest grew was captured and there were victories beyond the plain on the plateau to the south and we crossed the river inAugust and lived in a Gorizia that had a fountain and many thick shady trees in a walled garden and a wistaria vine purple on the side of the house. (par. 1, page 2, chapter II, book I)
Then, also in the dialogue below between Henry, the priest and his firend. “There will be no more offensive now that the snow has come,” I said. “Certainly not,” said the major. “You should go on leave. You should go to Rome, Naples, Sicily------“
“He should visit Amalfi,” said the lieutenant. “I will write you cards to may family in Amalfi. They will love you like a son.”
“He should go to Palermo.”
“He ought to Capri.”
“I would like you to see Abruzzi and visit my family at Capracotta,” said the priest.
We can see also in this paragraph:
The next day in the morning we left for Milan and arrived forty-eight hours later. It was a bad trip. We were sidetracked for a long time this side of Mestre and children came and pocked in.... (par. 8, pg. 59, chapter XII, book I)
We got into Milan early in the morning and they unloaded us in the freight yard... (pg. 60, chapter XII, book )
Proof of setting in Bainsizza,
I had not seen the Bainsizza before and it was strange to go up the slope where the Austrians had been, beyond the place on the river where I had been wounded. There was a steep new road and many trucks.... (par. 2, pg. 134, chapter XXVII, book III)
In Switzerland.
We can see the dialogue between Count Greffi, and Henry as follows:
“If you have nothing to fear an arrest is nothing. But it in always bad to be arrested ---especially now.”
“I don’t want to be arrested.”
“Then go to Switzerland.” (pg. 198, chapter XXXVI, book IV
Also in the dialogue between Henry and Catherine.
“I think we’re in Switzerland, Cat,” I said.
“Really?”
“There’s no way to know until we see Swiss troops.”
“Or the Swiss navy.” (pg. 207, chapter XXXVII, book IV))
Then, in the small village of the side of the mountain, outside of Montreux village. Lets see these paragraph:
...we lived in a brown wooden house in the pine trees on the side of the mountain... (par. 1, pg. 215, chapter XXXVIII, book V)
Sometimes we walked down the mountain into Montreux. There was a path went down the mountain but it was steep and so usually we took the road and walked down in the wide walls on the vineyards and on down between the houses of the villages along the road.... ((par. 7, pg. 217, chapter XXXVIII, book V)
It also in Isola Bella, Isola Madre, and Pallanza, according to his setence: “How should we go? In this rain we need a compass.”
“ No. Row to Isola Bella. Then on the other side of Isola Madre go with the wind. The wind will take you to Pallanza. You will see the light. Then go up the shore.” (pg. 201, chapter XXXVI, book IV)
It also in Lausanne town, let’s we see paragraph here:
We took the train to Lusanne from Montreux, looking out the window toward where we had lived you could not see mountains for the clouds. The train stopped in Vevey, then went on, passing the lake on one side and on the other the wet brown fields and the bare woods and the wet houses. We came into Lausanne and went into a medium-sized hotel to stay.... (pg. 228, chapter XL, book IV)
b.Setting of time, it is when the events in a story occur. In this novel, titled A Farewell to Arms, the setting of time is in 1916–1918, in the middle of World War I. Look out of this sentence, it represent how the situation of the war:
...Troops went by the house and down the road and the dust they raised powdered the leaves of the trees. The trunks of the trees too were dusty and the leaves feel fell early that year and we saw the troops masrching along the road and the dust rising and leaves, stirred by the breeze, falling and the soldiers marching and afterward the road bare and white except for the leaves. (par. 1, page 1, chapter 1, book1)
Sometimes in the dark we heard the troops marching under the window and guns going past pulled by motor-tractors. There was much traffic at night and many mules on the roads with boxes of ammunition on each sude of their pack-saddles and gray motor-trucks that carried men, and other trucks with loads covered with canvas that moved slower in the traffic.... (par. 3, page 1, chapter 1, book1)
...the line of the river that separated the two armies. We went along the rough new military road that followed the crest of the ridge... (pg. 33, chapter V, book1)
...there were troops on this road and motor trucks and mules with mountain guns ... (pg. 33, chapter V, book1)
The Italians were sure that America would declare war on Austria too and they were excited about any Americans coming down, even the Red Cross. They asked me if the President Wilson would declare war on Austria and I said it was only a matter of days.... (par. 4, pg. 57, chapter XII, book I)
...he said the fighting was over for the year here and that the Italians had bitten off more than they chew. He said the offensive in Flanders was going to the bad. If they killed men as they did this fall the Allies would be cooked in another year... (par. 1, pg 99, chapter XXI, book II)
We can see this dialogue, between Henry and Chaterine:
“there’s a war on, you know.” I said I knew.
“You’re the American in the Italian army?” she asked.
“Yes, ma’am.”
“How did you happen to do that? Why didn’t you join up with us?”
“I don’t know,” I said. “Could I join now?”
“I’m afraid not now. Tell me. Why did you join up with the Italians?”
“I was in Italy,” I said, “and I spoke Italians.” (pg. 15, chapter V, book I)
I had not seen the Bainsizza before and it was strange to go up the slope where the Austrians had been, beyond the place on the river where I had been wounded. There was a steep new road and many trucks.... (par. 2, pg. 134, chapter XXVII, book III)
The wind rose in the night and at three o’clockin the morning with the rain coming in sheets there was a bombardment and the Croations came over across the mountain meadows and through patches of wood and into the front line.... (pg. 138, chapter XXVII, book III)
Then, there are four elements that compose the setting:
1.The actual geographical location, including topography, scenery, even the details of room’s interior.
In this novel, there are many describing about the condition place where the event takes place. Let’s we look on the first pargraph on the beginning of the story.
In the late of summer of that year we lived in a house in a village that looked accross the river there were pebbles and boulders, dry and white in the sun, and the water was clear and swiftly moving and blue in the channels. Troops went by the house and down the road and the dust they raised powdered the leaves of the trees. The trunks of the trees too were dusty and the leaves feel fell early that year and we saw the troops masrching along the road and the dust rising and leaves, stirred by the breeze, falling and the soldiers marching and afterward the road bare and white except for the leaves.
Second, it describes also the scenery in a small village in Italy and in a journey to Pallanza, Switzerland.
...the field were green and there were small green shoots on the vines, trees along the road had small leaves and a breeze came from the sea. I saw the hill and the old castle above it in a cup in the hiils with the mountains beyond, brown mountains with a little green on their slopes...
(par. 1, pg. 6, chapter III, book I)
...The rain stopped and the wind drove the clouds so that the moon shone through and looking back I could see the long dark pointof Castagnola and the lake with white-caps and beyond, the moon on the high snow mountains. Then the clouds came over the moon again and the mountains and the lake were gone, but it was much lighter than it had been before and we could see the shore.... (pg. 203, chapter XXXVII, book IV)
Third, it describe how the details of the room.
The room was long with windows on the right-hand side and a door at the far end that went onto the dressing room. The row of the beds that mine was in faced the windows and another row, under the windows, faced the wall. If you lay on your left side you could see the dressing-room door. There was another door at the far end that people sometimes came in by. If anyone were going to die they put a screen around the puttees of doctors and men nurses showed under the bottom of the screen and sometimes at the end there would be whispering.... (par. 1, page 56, chapter XII, book I)
2.The occupations and modes of day-to-day existence of the characters.
The main characters in this novel are Lietenant Henry and Catherine Barkley, who the man is a American ambulance driver and the woman is a English nurse. They involve in a love relationship, although they come from in a different background.
...The British hospital was a big villa built by Germans before the war. Miss Barkley was in the garden. Another nurse was with her. We saw their white uniforms though the trees and walked toward the. Rinaldi saluted. I saluted toobut more moderately.
“How do you do?” Miss Barkley said. “You’re not an Italian, are you?”
“Oh, no.”
Rinaldi was talking with other nurse. They were lauhing.
“What an odd thing---to be in the Italian army.”
“It’s not really the army. It’s only the ambulance.”
(pg. 12, chapter IV, book I)
The next afternoon I went to call on Miss Barkley again. She was not in the garden and I went to the side door of the villa where the ambulance drove up. Inside I saw the head nurse, who said Miss Barkley was on duty ---“there’s a war on, you know.”
I said I knew.
“You’re the American in the Italian army?” she asked.
“Yes, ma’am.”
“How did you happen to do that? Why didn’t you join up with us?”
“I don’t know,” I said. “Could I join now?”
“I’m afraid not now. Tell me. Why did you join up with the Italians?”
“I was in Italy,” I said, “and I spoke Italians.”
(pg. 15, chapter V, book I)
3.The time in which the action takes place, e.g, historical period, season of the year.The event occur in a World War I, it is shown in some paragraphs.
The Italians were sure that America would declare war on Austria too and they were excited about any Americans coming down, even the Red Cross. They asked me if the President Wilson would declare war on Austria and I said it was only a matter of days.... (par. 4, pg. 57, chapter XII, book I)
...he said the fighting was over for the year here and that the Italians had bitten off more than they chew. He said the offensive in Flanders was going to the bad. If they killed men as they did this fall the Allies would be cooked in another year... (par. 1, pg 99, chapter XXI, book II)
There are some seasons that is mentioned inside the story, for example: summer, spring, winter.
We had a lovely time that summer. When I could go out we rode in a carriage in the park.... (par. 1, pg. 82, chapter XVIII, book II)
When I come back to the front we still lived in that town. There were many more guns in the country around and the spring had come....
(par. 1, pg. 6, chapter III, book I)
In September the first cool nights came, then the days were cool and the leaves on the trees in the park began to turn color and we knew the summer was gone.... (par. 1, pg. 99, chapter XXI, book II)
By the middle of January I had a beard and the winter had settled into bright cold days and hard cold nights. We could walk on the roads again. the snow was packed hard and smooth by the hay-sleds and wood-sledges and the logs that were hauled down the mountain....
(par. 1, pg. 225, chapter XXXIX, book V).
4.The religius, moral, intellectual, social, and emotional environment of the characters.
In this novel, the environment is full of the condition of a war. The trucks contains amunese often to pass in the roads, the soldiers is in everywhere, many doctors and nurse are employed, soemtimes a safe place is not really a safe place. We can see in this dialogue:
...the line of the river that separated the two armies. We went along the rough new military road that followed the crest of the ridge... (pg. 33, chapter V, book1)
...there were troops on this road and motor trucks and mules with mountain guns ... (pg. 33, chapter V, book1)
“Any news. What’s happened in the town?”
“It is time of war,” he said. “The enemy’s ears are everywhere.” (pg. 67, chapter XIV, book II)
...He said the Austrians had a great amount of artillery in the woods along Ternova ridge beyond and above us, and shelled the roads badly at night. There was a battery of naval guns that had gotten on his nerves...
(par. 3, pg. 135, chapter XXVII, book III)
All right, in this novel that we have analyzed, we concluded that the atmosphere inside the story is going well. A writer can describe the atmosphere through the weather, season, the condition of character, the condition of the event take place, etc. It make the story become alive, because the readers can established their imagination through the explanation of the setting.
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